Characterization Of Physical Properties Research Articles

Characterization of physical and chemical properties of honey from Northeastern Anatolia of Türkiye

The aim of this study was to investigate the physical and chemical properties of natural highland honey produced in the northeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. In 2020, 24 honey samples collected and sold during the honey harvest season were purchased from local vendors. Moisture, color, acidity, pH, conductivity, diastase and invertase activity, C13, C13 protein-honey, C4 analysis and sugar components were analyzed in honey samples. The honey samples were found to contain 17.4% moisture. The mean invertase level were found to be 156.216 U/kg. The freshness and enzymatic activity of the honey were shown by the average diastase number of 12.8 DS. The mineral content and overall purity of the honey was indicated by an electrical conductivity value of 0.17 mS/cm. The average acidity value 15.9 meq/kg, fructose/glucose ratio 1.26% and the average color value 33 mm Pfund determined. The average sugar contents in the honey samples were as follows: fructose 37.4%, glucose 29.5%, sucrose 1.4%, turanose 1.8%, maltose 0.6%, isomaltose 0.2%, erlose 0.3%, trehalose 0% hybriditose 0% maltotriose 0% fructose+glucose. 66.9%, fructose/glucose 1.26, glucose/water 2.0. The mean difference between honey protein and honey delta C13 data is -0.58 and C4 sugar ratio is 0. In conclusion, valuable findings were obtained on the physical and chemical properties of honey from the northeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Further research can build on these findings to explore the unique properties and potential benefits of honey from this region and contribute to its value and utilization in various industries.

Biodegradable electrospun poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone)/polyethylene glycol/bioactive glass composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

The field of tissue engineering has witnessed significant advancements in recent years, driven by the pursuit of innovative solutions to address the challenges of bone regeneration. In this study, we developed an electrospun composite scaffold for bone tissue engineering. The composite scaffold is made of a blend of poly(L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), with the incorporation of calcined and lyophilized silicate-chlorinated bioactive glass (BG) particles. Our investigation involved a comprehensive characterization of the scaffold's physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, alongside an evaluation of its biological efficacy employing alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells. The incorporation of PEG and BG resulted in elevated swelling ratios, consequently enhancing hydrophilicity. Thermal gravimetric analysis confirmed the efficient incorporation of BG, with the scaffolds demonstrating thermal stability up to 250°C. Mechanical testing revealed enhanced tensile strength and Young's modulus in the presence of BG; however, the elongation at break decreased. Cell viability assays demonstrated improved cytocompatibility, especially in the PLCL/PEG+BG group. Alizarin red staining indicated enhanced osteoinductive potential, and fluorescence analysis confirmed increased cell adhesion in the PLCL/PEG+BG group. Our findings suggest that the PLCL/PEG/BG composite scaffold holds promise as an advanced biomaterial for bone tissue engineering.

A ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal vitrified at room temperature

ABSTRACT Most of the current highly polar rod-shaped molecules that form ferroelectric nematic (NF) phase do so only at elevated temperatures and multicomponent mixtures are generally needed to obtain a broad and room temperature range NF phase. In this work, we describe the synthesis, phase characterisation and measurement of various physical properties of a new ferroelectric nematic compound 4-[(4-nitrophenoxy)carbonyl]phenyl 2-isopropoxy-4-methoxybenzoate (RT11165). The molecular structure of RT11165 with a 2-isopropoxy group differs only by a substitution of the 2-methoxy group found in the prototype ferroelectric nematic material 4-[(4-nitrophenoxy)carbonyl]phenyl 2,4-dimethoxybenzoate (RM734). This small structure change produces a rather dramatic change in phase behaviour leading to an NF phase from 63°C down to room temperature. Below about 45°C the rotational viscosity of RT11165 increases critically and the temperature dependence indicates a glass transition at ~19°C. The transparent and polar glassy state of RT11165, which should be also piezoelectric, is a good candidate for energy storage, piezoecatalysis, data storage and other applications.

Characterization of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tungsten Alloy Surfaces for Electroplasticity-Assisted Dry Cutting Machining

Characterization of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tungsten Alloy Surfaces for Electroplasticity-Assisted Dry Cutting Machining

Enhanced breakdown strength and relevant mechanism of 0–3 type Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3: Al2O3 composite ceramic with remarkable energy storage performances

In this work, a novel 0–3 type Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3: Al2O3 composite ceramic is designed for dielectric capacitor applications. A superior energy density of 5.96 J/cm3, a high current density of 1099 A/cm² and a remarkable power density of 198 MW/cm³ are concurrently achieved in the ceramic specimen due to the great enhancement of the breakdown strength. The microstructure and physical property characterization confirm that highly insulating Al2O3 particles existed in the ceramic matrix. It is evident that reduced grain sizes, the enhanced band gap energy and the increased activation energy contribute to the improvement of the breakdown strength. Ulteriorly, numerical simulations reveal that the primary factor might be ascribed to the decreased grain size. These findings demonstrate that the 0–3 type Sr0.7Bi0.2TiO3: Al2O3 composite ceramic is a promising candidate for energy storage applications.

A Novel Microfiber Cellulose from Paederia foetida Stems: Characterization of Physical, Morphology, Thermal, and Chemical Properties

A Novel Microfiber Cellulose from Paederia foetida Stems: Characterization of Physical, Morphology, Thermal, and Chemical Properties

New Process for the Formation of Mixed-Valence Platinum Sulfide Thin Films from Bulk CdS Layer: Characterization of Physical and Electrochemical Properties

New Process for the Formation of Mixed-Valence Platinum Sulfide Thin Films from Bulk CdS Layer: Characterization of Physical and Electrochemical Properties

Characterisation and evaluation of physical properties of AH-Plus sealer with and without the incorporation of petasin, pachymic acid, curcumin and shilajit-an invitro study

BackgroundAH Plus, an epoxy resin-based sealer, is widely used in endodontic practice, owing to its good physical properties that confers longstanding dimensional stability and good adhesion to dentin. Nevertheless, its propensity to trigger inflammation, especially in its freshly mixed state, has been extensively documented. Phytochemicals such as Petasin, Pachymic acid, Curcumin, and Shilajit are known for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. This study aimed to analyze and determine the effect of these natural products on the physical properties of AH Plus sealer when incorporated with the sealer.MethodsAH Plus (AHR) sealer was mixed with 10% petasin, 0.75% pachymic, 0.5% and 6%shilajit to obtain AHP, AHA, AHC and AHS in the ratio of 10:1 and 5:1 respectively. Five samples of each material were assessed for setting time, solubility, flow, and dimensional stability in accordance with the ISO 6876:2012 standardization. Sealers were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Statistical evaluation involved the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilks tests for normality and the one-way ANOVA test for analysis.ResultsIn this investigation, the characterisation analysis revealed a relatively similar microstructure in all the experimental root canal sealers. All experimental groups, excluding the control group, exhibited an increase in flow ranging from 11.9 to 31.4% at a 10:1 ratio. Similarly, for the 5:1 ratio, the increase ranged from 12.02 to 31.83%. In terms of dimensional stability, all groups at the 10:1 ratio showed a decrease compared to the control group. The addition of natural agents to AHR in 10:1 ratio led to a reduction in setting time by 8.9–31.6%, and at a 5:1 ratio, the reduction ranged from 8.1 to 31.5%. However, regarding solubility, the addition of natural agents did not induce any significant alterations.ConclusionBased on the results of this study, it can be concluded that all tested root canal sealers exhibited properties that met the acceptable criteria outlined in the ISO 6876:2012 standardization.

Polarization image fusion method based on polarization saliency with generator adversarial network

Aiming at the problem that the polarization image fusion process does not make good use of the polarization imaging characteristics, we propose a polarization image fusion method based on polarization saliency. On the one hand, we propose a new definition of physical property characterization based on polarization properties:polarization saliency. We construct it from three perspectives: image difference, position, and contrast. On the other hand, we propose a polarization saliency based fusion network (PSGGAN). The information decision block is constructed to enhance the polarization salient information and texture detail information of the source image. The loss function based on polarization saliency is designed to regulate the pixel distribution constraints and the degree of polarization information preservation. Qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate the superiority of our PSGGAN over state-of-the-art methods in terms of visual effects and quantitative metrics.

A biotechnological approach to upgrade wheat straw into high-performance binderless boards

Wheat straw represents a highly promising source for the production of bio-based materials due to its fibrous composition, naturally optimized structure, and high availability as an agricultural by-product. The present study reports the conversion of wheat straw into high-performing fibreboards without the use of bonding agents. In a first step, straw was converted into fibres using a mild semi chemical pulping process. Subsequently, microbial aqueous retting of the fibres was performed for different periods. The fibres obtained were characterized and the microorganisms involved in the retting process were isolated and sequenced. Quantification of xylanase activity indicated substantial enzymatic hydrolysis of hemicellulose. This biotreatment improved both the drainability of the straw fibres and the mechanical properties of hot-pressed binderless fibreboards. Characterization of mechanical and physical properties revealed impressive flexural strengths of 64 MPa, flexural moduli of 6.8 GPa and internal bond of 1.1 MPa after 8 days of bio treatment. The results exceeded the standard requirements for hardboards and demonstrate the possibility of enhancing the performance of straw based binderless boards with natural biotreatment.

Pulsed ultrasound assisted extraction of alternative plant protein from sugar maple leaves: Characterization of physical, structural, thermal, electrical, and techno-functional properties

Plant proteins are gaining in popularity and are increasingly being considered as an alternative to animal protein, thus a sustainable, yet comparable source of plant protein is highly recommended. To this end, the current study was conducted to investigate the structural, thermal, physical, and functional attributes, as well as the volatile profile of sugar maple leaves (SML) protein. To this end, SML protein was extracted by homogenization (10000 rpm, 5 min) pretreated ultrasound-assisted extraction (120000 J, 60% amplitude, 5:5 pulse, 25 °C, and 15 min) at varying pH (8−10) and compared with conventionally extracted SML protein. Among the different protein extracts, sonicated extract (pH9) provided a good protein yield (up to 7%) having higher protein content (210 mg Bovine serum albumin/g dry matter), thermal stability (onset of denaturation temperature:114 °C), and functional properties (solubility, emulsion capacity, water holding capacity, and antioxidant activity). On contrary, the characteristic green aroma, caused by 3-hexen-1-ol and nonanal, was found higher in sonicated protein extracts than that of macerated extracts. Having said that, this study showed the versatile properties of SML protein fractions that can be used as plant-based food ingredients.

Enhancing Radiotherapy Bolus Characteristics through Comparative Analysis of Added Sawdust and Bagasse Powder: A Comprehensive Study of Physical and Mechanical Properties

Research has been successfully conducted on the manufacture of synthetic bolus for radiotherapy made of silicone rubber containing polydimethyl siloxane and alginate as well as the addition of bagasse and wood sawdust. The purpose of this study was to determine the characterization of radiotherapy bolus by analyzing the comparison of the addition of bagasse and wood sawdust through its physical and mechanical properties. The methods used in this research are bolus sample preparation, characterizations of physical and mechanical properties and analysis of characterizations results. From the physical properties, the results of the characterizations of this research obtained that in the density test the bolus synthesis with the addition of bagasse at a thickness of 1.5 cm and 2 cm was 0.6 g/cm3 and 0.55 g/cm3 respectively, while the bolus synthesis with the addition of wood sawdust at a thickness of 1.5 cm and 2 cm had a density of 0.86 g/cm3 and 0.75 g/cm3 respectively. In porosity testing, the 1.5 cm thick synthetic bolus with the addition of bagasse and wood sawdust has a porosity of 6.6% while the bolus with a thickness of 2 cm in the addition of bagasse and wood sawdust has a porosity of 5%. In the water absorption test, the synthetic bolus in the addition of bagasse with a thickness of 1.5 cm and 2 cm has a water absorption of 11.11% and 9.09%, respectively. Bolus synthesis with the addition of wood sawdust with a thickness of 1.5 cm and 2 cm had a water absorption of 7.69% and 6.66%, respectively. From the mechanical properties, tensile strength testing of the synthesized bolus of 1.5 cm and 2 cm thickness with the addition of bagasse has a tensile strength value of 0.56 MPa and 0.38 MPa, respectively. while the tensile strength of the synthesized bolus with the addition of wood sawdust of 1.5 cm and 2 cm thickness is 0.42 MPa and 0.33 MPa, respectively. In the elongation at break test, the synthesis bolus with the addition of bagasse at a thickness of 1.5 cm and 2 cm was 92.33%, 52.69% respectively and the bolus with the addition of wood sawdust at a thickness of 1.5 cm and 2 cm had a large elongation at break of 93.49% and 106%. And in the elastic modulus test, the synthesis bolus in the addition of bagasse with a thickness of 1.5 cm and 2 cm is 0.611 MPa and 0.723 MPa respectively while the elastic modulus in the synthesis bolus with the addition of wood sawdust with a thickness of 1.5 cm and 2 cm is 0.465 MPa and 0.319 MPa respectively. From the physical and mechanical tests that have been carried out, the synthetic bolus with the addition of bagasse and wood sawdust at a thickness of 1.5 cm given the codes A1 and B1 can be said to have good material and has high elasticity compared to the synthetic bolus with a thickness of 2 cm both from the addition of bagasse and wood sawdust given the codes A2 and B2.

Characteristics physical and chemical properties of fuel from plastic waste for mineral water glasses

This research aims to convert plastic waste, especially plastic cups for packaging mineral water, into fuel oil through a pyrolysis process. The experimental method used is with the following stages: first, 1kg of plastic raw material is chopped before being put into a pyrolysis tube. Next, the tube is heated to change the plastic into a liquid form which then evaporates. The hot steam from this plastic is channeled to a heat exchanger to be condensed. Cooling is carried out using water flowing in the opposite direction to the direction of the steam. The results of plastic vapor condensation are collected to analyze their physical and chemical properties. Testing of physical and chemical properties includes specific gravity, heating value, kinematic viscosity, flash point, ash, lead and sulfur content. The result is that fuel from plastic bottle waste has a density value of 742 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity of 1.76 cSt, lower heating value of 43.28 MJ/kg, flash point of 1OC, ash, lead and sulfur content respectively of 0.003905%, 0.0000231%, and 0.000462%.

Integrated Geotechnical and Electrical Resistivity Tomography to Map the Lithological Variability Involved and Breaking Surface Evolution in Landslide Context: A Case Study of the Targa Ouzemour (Béjaia)

The specific lithology of the southern part of Bejaia city represents a major limitation to urban settlement and expansion. This is partly due to landslides that tend to affect this region. To date, one of these landslides in this region has occurred in the Targa Ouzemour area, where the damage extended approximately six hectares. The main purpose of this study is to identify the failure surfaces characterizing the internal structure of this landslide as well as the significant influence of groundwater on slope instability, which manifests as surface cracking and subsidence. We have combined several geotechnical and geophysical methods, including field observations. The exploitation of the collected geotechnical data from the six (06) boreholes drilled in the landslide zone has allowed for knowledge to be gained on the lithological components, as well as the characterizations of physical and mechanical properties on a range of different types of affected rocks, whereas electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data allowed an in-depth examination, leading us to reconstruct the landslide geometry and particularly to evaluate the hydrological characteristics of the studied site. Moreover, the resistivity contrast patterns provided more clarity to discern between the various lithological formations that are still stable or actively moving within this landslide. All these findings have contributed to the construction of a characteristic geomodel that highlights the failure surfaces over which displacement is still experienced. Finally, with the evidence of rainfall effects on the deformation and stability of the slope, specific landslide remedial measures were accordingly suggested.

Advancing Quantitative Seismic Characterization of Physical and Anisotropic Properties in Shale Gas Reservoirs with an FCNN Framework Based on Dynamic Adaptive Rock Physics Modeling

Quantitative seismic methods are crucial for understanding shale gas reservoirs. This study introduces a dynamic adaptive rock physics model (DARPM) designed to systematically quantify the relationship between physical parameters and elastic parameters within shale formations. The DARPM uniquely adapts to changes in formation dip angle, allowing adaptive reservoir property assessment. An innovative adaptive rock physics inversion methodology is subsequently proposed to compute values for reservoir physical and seismic anisotropy parameters. This is achieved using well log data and building upon the foundation laid by the established DARPM. We introduce the RPM-FCNN (rock physics model—fully connected neural network) framework, seamlessly integrating the DARPM with the corresponding inversion results into a comprehensive model. This framework facilitates a quantitative analysis of the nonlinear relationship between elastic and reservoir physical parameters. Utilizing the trained RPM-FCNN framework, the spatial distribution of reservoir and seismic anisotropic characteristics can be precisely characterized. Within this framework, the organic matter mixture aspect ratio indicates the continuity of organic matter, while the organic matter porosity reveals the maturity of organic matter. Simultaneously, seismic anisotropy characteristics signify the degree of stratification within the reservoirs. This method, therefore, establishes a robust foundation for identifying favorable areas within shale gas reservoirs.

Plantable Biodegradable Pots as a Cleaner Product from Biomaterials: Characterization and Optimization of Physical and Mechanical Properties

Plantable Biodegradable Pots as a Cleaner Product from Biomaterials: Characterization and Optimization of Physical and Mechanical Properties

Physical property characterization of rocks in the Bayan Obo REE-Nb-Fe deposit, China

Bayan Obo ore deposit is the world’s largest rare-earth element (REE) resource, the second largest niobium (Nb) resource, and also a significant iron (Fe) resource in China. Evaluating resource potential for the deposit has become a focus of global interest. Rock-physical properties bridge geophysical exploration and geologic modeling; variation in these parameters is necessary for successful geophysical application. REE, Nb, iron, and potassium are mainly hosted in dolomite and slate of the Bayan Obo Group, and REE mineralization is genetically associated with carbonatite. Three physical properties (resistivity, polarizability, and magnetic susceptibility [MS]) of iron ore, slate, dolomite, and carbonatite dike outcrop samples at Bayan Obo are measured and statistically analyzed using 3D reconstruction, 1D/2D/3D kernel density estimation, scatterplot matrix, 3D histogram, and Pearson- and maximum information coefficient-based correlation analysis. It is evident that iron ore, iron-mineralized fine-grained dolomite, and iron-mineralized slate are mainly of low resistivity, and iron ore and iron-mineralized fine-grained dolomite have high MS. MS favorably distinguishes iron ore from slate; MS and resistivity distinguish between iron-mineralized fine-grained dolomite and carbonatite dikes. The physical properties and whole-rock geochemistry (major and trace elements) jointly demonstrate that MS of iron ore, slate, and dolomite is positively correlated with TFe2O3 content, polarizability is correlated with TFe2O3, SiO2 content is correlated with K2O, and resistivity is correlated with MS and polarizability, respectively. Resistivity of iron ore and dolomite is negatively correlated with TFe2O3 content. Resistivity of iron ore is negatively correlated with TFe2O3, total REE ([Formula: see text]), and Nb, respectively, and correlated with thorium. The methods used have intuitive visual expression and reflect the characteristics of the physical properties and their correlation with the mineralogical composition. The results will be beneficial for determining the geometry of ore-hosting rock masses and providing crucial evidence for the resource evaluation.

Characterization of physical properties of a coastal upwelling filament with evidence of enhanced submesoscale activity and transition from balanced to unbalanced motions in the Benguela upwelling region

Abstract. We combine high-resolution in situ data (acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP), Scanfish, and surface drifters) and remote sensing to investigate the physical characteristics of a major filament observed in the Benguela upwelling region. The 30–50 km wide and about 400 km long filament persisted for at least 40 d. Mixed-layer depths were less than 40 m in the filament and over 60 m outside of it. Observations of the Rossby number Ro from the various platforms provide the spatial distribution of Ro for different resolutions. Remote sensing focuses on geostrophic motions of the region related to the mesoscale eddies that drive the filament formation and thereby reveals |Ro|<0.1. Ship-based measurements in the surface mixed layer reveal 0.5<|Ro|<1, indicating the presence of unbalanced, ageostrophic motions. Time series of Ro from triplets of surface drifters trapped within the filament confirm these relatively large Ro values and show a high variability along the filament. A scale-dependent analysis of Ro, which relies on the second-order velocity structure function, was applied to the latter drifter group and to another drifter group released in the upwelling zone. The two releases explored the area nearly distinctly and simultaneously and reveal that at small scales (<15 km) Ro values are twice as large in the filament in comparison to its environment with Ro>1 for scales smaller than ∼500 m. This suggests that filaments are hotspots of ageostrophic dynamics, pointing to the presence of a forward energy cascade. The different dynamics indicated by our Ro analysis are confirmed by horizontal kinetic energy wavenumber spectra, which exhibit a power law k−α with α∼5/3 for wavelengths 2π/k smaller than a transition scale of 15 km, supporting significant submesoscale energy at scales smaller than the first baroclinic Rossby radius (Ro1∼30 km). The detected transition scale is smaller than those found in regions with less mesoscale eddy energy, consistent with previous studies. We found evidence for the processes which drive the energy transfer to turbulent scales. Positive Rossby numbers 𝒪(1) associated with cyclonic motion inhibit the occurrence of positive Ertel potential vorticity (EPV) and stabilize the water column. However, where the baroclinic component of EPV dominates, submesoscale instability analysis suggests that mostly gravitational instabilities occur and that symmetric instabilities may be important at the filament edges.

Characterization and Assessment of Physical Properties of 3 Single Syringe Hydraulic Cement–based Sealers

IntroductionA number of sealers with different chemistries are badged as Bioceramic, implying biological activity, but have dissimilar properties, which has implications on the sealer properties and will affect the quality and outcome of root canal treatment. This study aimed to assess the physical and chemical properties of 3 hydraulic cement–based sealers, namely BC Universal sealer compared with Totalfill BC sealer and AH Plus Bioceramic. MethodsThe microstructure and composition of the sealers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy after setting. The crystalline phases were assessed by X-ray diffraction analysis and the leachates were tested using inductively coupled plasma. All testing was performed at 0, 7, and 28 days. The physical properties of film thickness, flow, radiopacity, and solubility were evaluated using ISO 6876:2012 standards. ResultsAll 3 sealers contained calcium, zirconium, and silicon. Totalfill BC had the highest calcium release at 7 and 28 days followed by AH Plus Bioceramic and BC Universal sealer. All 3 sealers adhered to the ISO standard in terms of flow and radiopacity. BC Universal sealer was slightly over the range (>50 μm) for film thickness. All sealers exceeded the solubility range set by ISO 6876:2012. ConclusionAlthough these hydraulic cement sealers had similar components and delivery, the properties varied significantly. The testing of material properties to confirm the suitability for clinical use is necessary.

Encapsulation of bioactive compounds extracted from haritaki pulp (Terminalia chebula Retzius): characterization of physical, thermal, and morphological properties

The bioactive compounds of haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retzius) were microencapsulated using zein and starch as the encapsulating agents, utilizing both conventional (encapsulator) and advanced (freeze drying) techniques.